MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNGS OF BABIES BORN WITH PNEUMOPATHIES (literature review)
Abstract
This review article is devoted to the most important section of neonatal pulmonology, non-infectious (pneumopathy) lung pathology. Improving the organization of medical and preventive care for newborns and reducing perinatal and early infant mortality are urgent problems of children's health care. The development of this problem is closely related to the study of the most important aspects of pulmonology - non-infectious and infectious lung pathology in newborns. Non-infectious pathological processes in the lungs (pulmonary atelectasis, hyaline membranes, edematous-hemorrhagic syndrome, etc.), called pneumopathy, are formed in the intrauterine and early neonatal periods of fetal and neonatal development and manifest clinically in the first two days of life in the form of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Pneumopathy is essentially an asphyxic pathology, since it occurs under conditions of intrauterine hypoxemia and hypoxia and is accompanied after birth by respiratory failure and secondary attacks of asphyxia. In the dynamics of pneumopathy development in many newborns, conditions are created for the occurrence of infectious and inflammatory changes in the lungs. The review presents modern data on the issues of pathomorphological diagnostics and clinical course of respiratory distress syndrome, and shows the importance of pneumopathy in the formation of this syndrome.
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