CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF MINOR CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES IN CHILDREN
Abstract
The review presents current data on minor cardiac abnormalities (MCA) in children, which include congenital or early acquired morphological features of the cardiovascular system that do not lead to pronounced hemodynamic disorders. The main types of MCA (mitral valve prolapse, open oval window, additional chords, etc.) are considered, information is provided on the frequency of detection and factors affecting their formation, including hereditary predisposition and connective tissue dysplasia. Clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to mild cardialgia and autonomic disorders are described. The main focus is on diagnostic capabilities, primarily echocardiography, as well as evaluating the role of electrocardiography and other research methods. The need for an individual approach to the management and dynamic monitoring of children with MCA is emphasized: most cases do not require active treatment, however, with a combination of several anomalies, pronounced valve regurgitation or rhythm disturbances, medical correction and more careful monitoring may be required. In conclusion, issues of prevention and a healthy lifestyle are discussed, as well as prospects for studying the molecular and genetic foundations and developing personalized management recommendations.
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