ВРОЖДЕННЫЕ ПОРОКИ СЕРДЦА У ДЕТЕЙ: РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ, ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ, ПРИНЦИПЫ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И СКРИНИНГА
Аннотация
Аннотация.Настоящая обзорная статья посвящена актуальной проблеме детской и подростковой кардиологии - врожденным порокам сердца у детей. На основании обширной современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы анализируются вопросы эпидемиологии, факторов риска развития, ранней диагностики, проблемы соматического здоровья, когнитивного развития и психо-социального статуса, принципы профилактики и реабилитации детей с ВПС. Освещаются современные молекулярно-генетические аспекты патогенеза ВПС. Представлена значимость социально-биологических, социально-экономических и факторов окружающей среды в развитии и прогнозе ВПС. В резюме указывается на ценность скрининга женщин детородного возраста, плода и новорожденного (УЗИ, биохимический) на наличие плацентарных маркеров, позволяющих прогнозировать риск развития хромосомных аномалий, и др. Отмечается значимость и необходимость неонатального скрининга на критические ВПС, а также командного подхода с участием всех специалистов в разработке персонифицированных методов лечения и реабилитации детей с ВПС, что позволит правильно организовать соответствующую помощь детям данного контингента на ранних этапах и после оперативного лечения и обусловит снижение детской смертности и заболеваемости.
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Об авторах
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