EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN THE WORLD
Аннотация
Сегодня одним из актуальных вопросов для современного общества является борьба с факторами риска развития неинфекционных заболеваний, в том числе ожирения. В настоящей статье приводятся современные данные об эпидемиологии ожирения у детей и подростков в мире. Ожирение признано глобальной проблемой, так как наблюдается распространение ожирения во всем мире. Некоторые исследователи считают, что к 2030 году почти треть населения мира может иметь избыточную массу тела или ожирение. Данная проблема встречается не только в развитых странах, но и в странах с низким и средним доходом. По данным ВОЗ в период с 1975 по 2016 годы во всем мире доля детей и подростков в возрасте 5–19 лет с избыточной массой тела или ожирением увеличилась более чем в четыре раза: с 4% до 18% (ВОЗ, 2020). В 2019 году около 38 миллионов детей в возрасте до 5 лет страдали избыточной массой тела или ожирением (ВОЗ, 2020). Ожирение детей с 70-80% вероятностью приводит к подростковому и взрослому ожирению. Сегодня ожирение рассматривается как важнейший фактор риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и метаболического расстройства (по данным ВОЗ предопределяет развитие до 44- 57% сахарного диабета 2-го типа, 30% - желчнокаменной болезни, 17-23% случаев ишемической болезни сердца, 17% - артериальной гипертензии, 14% - остеоартрита) и нарушения репродуктивной функции и повышенного риска развития онкологических заболеваний.
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Об авторах
Список литературы
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