Modern Principles of Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Obstructive Bronchitis in Young Children

Abstract

Introduction. In recent decades, acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis remain among the most common respiratory diseases in young children and represent a significant problem in pediatric practice. The severity of these conditions is determined not only by pronounced inflammatory changes in the airways but also by the development of obstructive syndrome, which impairs lung ventilation and provokes respiratory failure. One of the key factors contributing to the unfavorable course of the disease is the insufficiency of the immune response in young children, making them more vulnerable to infectious and viral agents. Therefore, particular attention is given to the development and justification of comprehensive treatment strategies aimed not only at alleviating the symptoms of the disease but also at correcting the child’s immune status. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of immunomodulin in acute obstructive bronchitis and bronchiolitis in young children based on the assessment of clinical signs of the disease. Materials and Methods. The study was based on data obtained from a three-year research project. conducted at the 1st Somatic Department of the Tashkent City Children’s Clinical Hospital. A total of 95 young children aged 1 month to 3 years (mean age 1.5 ± 0.63 years) with obstructive bronchitis and bronchiolitis were examined. Among them, 59 (62.1%) were boys and 36 (37.9%) were girls. Results and Discussion. In children with acute obstructive bronchitis (AOB), the use of immunomodulin contributed to faster resolution of clinical symptoms, including perioral cyanosis, skin pallor, tachycardia, wheezing, and cough, significantly increasing the overall treatment efficacy. In children with acute obstructive bronchiolitis (AOBl), recovery of breathing, disappearance of expiratory dyspnea, cyanosis, skin pallor, tachycardia, wheezing, and cough occurred more rapidly, also resulting in noticeable improvement in clinical outcomes. Thus, immunomodulin significantly accelerates the regression of clinical manifestations of AOB and AOBl in young children and enhances overall treatment efficacy. Conclusion. The use of immunomodulin in young children with acute obstructive bronchitis and bronchiolitis promotes faster resolution of clinical symptoms and improves overall treatment effectiveness. The results support the rationale for including immunomodulin in the comprehensive management of these conditions to accelerate the restoration of respiratory function and overall health status of the child.