Characteristics of microbiota indicators in community-acquired pneumonia with congenital cleft lip and palate
Abstract
Intraduction. The development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children with congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) is one of the pressing issues in modern pediatrics and maxillofacial surgery. Children with CCLP require individualized approaches depending on the state of the microbiota. Thus, morphological and functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are observed in newborns with CCLP from the first days of life. Material and methods. As part of the study, the main group included 40 children with acute pneumonia and CCLP, while the comparison group included 44 children with acute pneumonia without CCLP. Stool samples were subjected to laboratory testing using the PCR method. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Fisher-Student descriptive and variational statistics methods. The statistical significance of differences in mean values was established at a significance level of p<0.05. Results. Results of a comprehensive microbiological study showed significant disorders of the oral and intestinal microbiota in children with CAP against the background of CCLP. The oral microbiota was dominated by opportunistic pathogens and saprophytes, including S. salivarius, S. mitis, C. albicans, S. aureus, and hemolytic E. coli. In the study group, a significant decrease in the number of S. salivarius and S. mitis (p<0.05) representing the normoflora was observed. Conversely, the frequency and quantity of C. albicans and S. aureus detection were significantly higher in the study group (p<0.05-0.01). Analysis of the intestinal microbiota also revealed dysbiotic changes in the primary group. The number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was significantly lower than in children without CCLP (p<0.001). At the same time, the content of enterococci, lactose-negative E. coli, S. aureus, and yeast was high in the study group (p<0.05). Conclusion. The results obtained showed the formation of severe dysbiotic changes in children with CCLP, accompanied by a decrease in normoflora representatives, activation of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, and increased fungal colonization.
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