IMPACT OF CIRCUMCISION EXPERIENCES ON SURGICAL ANXIETY IN ADULTHOOD: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
Abstract
Objective: Our purpose was to investigate whether patients who had previously undergone circumcision (considering the timing and method of the procedure) experienced altered levels of anxiety when facing other surgeries later in life.
Materials and methods: It was investigated to what extent circumcision affects surgical anxiety. Patients who applied to our clinic to undergo surgery due to any disease in adulthood were included. The surgery anxiety scale was used for collection of the data. Results: This study involved 54 men, with an average age of 46.7 years, assessing their surgical anxiety scores in relation to various factors. While 59.3% had one surgery, significant minorities underwent multiple procedures. Regarding anesthesia during surgeries, 61.1% received local, 24.1% spinal, and 14.8% general anesthesia. Notably, 63% of participants were smokers. Previous hospitalization was reported by 51.9%, and 37% had other surgeries. Interestingly, 59.3% had contracted COVID-19. Age of circumcision showed no significant effect on anxiety scores. However, those who underwent forced circumcision (11.1%) had notably higher anxiety scores (p=0.04). Most circumcisions (96.3%) occurred in hospitals, with doctors conducting 81.48% of them. No correlation was found between patients' age during circumcision and current anxiety. Significantly, forced circumcisions led to increased surgical anxiety. Conclusions: Our study suggests that while circumcision's method, location, and performer significantly influence the individual's surgical anxiety in adulthood, the age of circumcision does not play a determining role.
Keywords:
About the Authors
List of references
Yeniay D, Tamdoğan I, Yucak Ozdemir A, Akşan IO, Kayır S. Effects of Videos and Therapeutic Music on Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Anxiety and Pain Levels in Boys Who Undergo Circumcision. J Perianesth Nurs 2023:S1089-9472(23)00146-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2023.04.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2023.04.007
Chung E, Polikarpov D, Mazure H, James A, Doosti H, Campbell D, et al. Novoglan device for treatment of adult phimosis: Novoglan-01 open-label clinical trial on safety, efficacy and tolerability. Transl Androl Urol 2023;12:1050–61. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-23-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-23-91
Ayan G, Şahin ÖÖ. Effect of therapeutic play based training program on pre- and post-operative anxiety and fear: A study on circumcision surgery in Turkish Muslim children. 2023:19(4):431.e1-431.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.04.032
Tuncay S, Tüfekci FG. The effect of nursing interventions with therapeutic play and video animations prepared with psychodrama technique in reducing fear, anxiety, and pain of children at male circumcision: A randomized controlled study. International Journal of Urology 2023;30:592–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.15184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.15184
Gallagher N. The Jew’s penis: circumcision and sexual pathology in eighteenth-century England. Med Humanit 2023;49:70–82. https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2021-012362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2021-012362
Pazarcikci F, Efe E. Effects of Comfort-Oriented Nursing Care Based on the Comfort Theory on Perioperative Anxiety and Fear in Children Undergoing Surgical Circumcision: RCT. J Perianesth Nurs 2023;38:236–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.016
Luo W, Chen C, Zhou W, Cao A, Zhu W, Zhou Y, et al. Biophilic virtual reality on children’s anxiety and pain during circumcision: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Urol 2023;19:201–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.10.023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.10.023
Buyuk ET, Odabasoglu E, Uzsen H, Koyun M. The effect of virtual reality on Children’s anxiety, fear, and pain levels before circumcision. J Pediatr Urol 2021;17:567.e1-567.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.04.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.04.008
Burton D, King A, Bartley J, Petrie KJ, Broadbent E. The surgical anxiety questionnaire (SAQ): development and validation. Psychol Health 2019;34:129–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2018.1502770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2018.1502770
Eth S, Pynoos R. Developmental perspective on psychic trauma in childhood. Trauma and its wake. 1985:1:36-52.
Kara A. A review of childhood anxiety. Journal of Clinical Trials and Experimental Investigations 2022;1:64–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7213694.
Aydoğdu B, Azizoğlu M, Okur MH. Social and psychological effects of circumcision: A narrative review. Journal of Applied Nursing and Health 2022;4:264–71. https://doi.org/10.55018/janh.v4i2.110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55018/janh.v4i2.110
Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Nazeer A, et al. MRI and PET study of deficits in hippocampal structure and function in women with childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:924–32. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.924
Cansever G. Psychological effects of circumcision. Br J Med Psychol 1965:38(4):321-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1965.tb01314.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1965.tb01314.x
Lipton, SD. On the psychology of childhood tonsillectomy. The psychoanalytic study of the child 1962:17(1):363-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1962.11822853
Levy, DM. Psychic trauma of operations in children: and a note on combat neurosis. American journal of diseases of children 1945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1945.02020130014003
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
