MODERN ASPECTS OF PATHOGENESIS OF CHILDHOOD RHINOSINUSITIS
Abstract
The relevance of studying the pathogenesis of childhood rhinosinusitis is highlighted in modern medical practice. This abstract is a literature review highlighting modern aspects of this problem. Rhinosinusitis, although a common disease in children, still causes difficulties in understanding its pathogenesis. The review includes consideration of the mechanisms of development of rhinosinusitis in children, including the influence of infections, allergic reactions, anatomical features and immunological factors. Particular attention is paid to the role of the nasopharyngeal microbiota in the development and progression of rhinosinusitis in children. Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment are also discussed, including the use of antibiotics, antiviral drugs, glucocorticosteroids and surgical interventions. This literature review is a valuable source of information for pediatricians, otolaryngologists and anyone interested in studying the problem of rhinosinusitis in children. Understanding the modern aspects of the pathogenesis of this disease will allow us to develop more effective strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention, which ultimately helps improve the quality of life of children and reduce medical costs.
About the Authors
List of references
Grayson JW, Hopkins C, Mori E, Senior B, Harvey RJ. Contemporary Classification of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Beyond Polyps vs No Polyps: A Review. JAMA Otolaryngol-- Head Neck Surg 2020;146:831–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1453.
The classification, diagnosis, and treatment of rhinosinusitis n.d. https://jkma. org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5124/jkma.2022.65.5.289 (accessed March 27, 2024).
Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinology 2020;58:1–464. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin20.600.
Alekseenko S, Karpischenko S, Barashkova S. Comparative Analysis of Mucociliary Clearance and Mucosal Morphology Using High-Speed Videomicroscopy in Children With Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021;35:656–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1945892420988804.
Nasal Physiology and Sinusitis | SpringerLink n.d. https://link.springer.com/cha pter/10.1007/978-981-33-6284-0_3 (accessed March 27, 2024).
Sell EA, Ortiz-Carpena JF, Herbert DR, Cohen NA. Tuft cells in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol Off Publ Am Coll Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021;126:143–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anai.2020.10.011.
Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity. Vaccines 2022;10:1735. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101735.
Liu J-X, Liao B, Yu Q-H, Wang H, Liu Y-B, Guo C-L, et al. The IL-37-Mex3B-Tolllike receptor 3 axis in epithelial cells in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;145:160–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jaci.2019.07.009.
Orman G, Kralik SF, Desai N, Meoded A, Vallejo JG, Huisman TAGM, et al. Imaging of Paranasal Sinus Infections in Children: A Review. J Neuroimaging Off J Am Soc Neuroimaging 2020;30:572–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12737.
Basharat U, Aiche MM, Kim MM, Sohal M, Chang EH. Are rhinoviruses implicated in the pathogenesis of sinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations? A comprehensive review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019;9:1159–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/
alr.22403.
Kato A, Schleimer RP, Bleier BS. Mechanisms and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022;149:1491–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.016. volume 3 | Issue 2 | February 2024 International Journal of Scientific Pediatrics
www.ijsp.uz 501 published: 29 February 2024
Licari A, Castagnoli R, De Filippo M, Foiadelli T, Tosca MA, Marseglia GL, et al. Current and emerging biologic therapies for allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020;20:609–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2020.1729350.
Eschenbacher W, Straesser M, Knoeddler A, Li R-C, Borish L. Biologics for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, and Nasal Polyposis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2020;40:539–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2020.06.001.
Castagnoli R, Licari A, Brambilla I, Tosca M, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL. An update on the role of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps as a co-morbidity in severe asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020;14:1197–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2020.1812388.
Riesbeck K. Complement evasion by the human respiratory tract pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. FEBS Lett 2020;594:2586–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13758.
Kim JH, Jang JH, Lee SH, Yang EM, Jang SH, Jung KS, et al. Specific Antibody Deficiency in Adult Patients With IgG or IgG Subclass Deficiency. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2021;13:271–83. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2021.13.2.271.
Tong J, Gu Q. Expression and Clinical Significance of Mucin Gene in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020;20:63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00958-w.
Snidvongs K, Sangubol M, Poachanukoon O. Pediatric Versus Adult Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020;20:29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00924-6.
McCormick J, Hoffman K, Thompson H, Skinner D, Zhang S, Grayson J, et al. Differential Chloride Secretory Capacity in Transepithelial Ion Transport Properties in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020;34:830–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1945892420930975.
Di Cicco ME, Bizzoco F, Morelli E, Seccia V, Ragazzo V, Peroni DG, et al. Nasal Polyps in Children: The Early Origins of a Challenging Adulthood Condition. Child Basel Switz 2021;8:997. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110997.
Hamilos D. L. Allergic fungal rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2010;7:245–52.
Leigh MW, Horani A, Kinghorn B, O’Connor MG, Zariwala MA, Knowles MR. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD): A genetic disorder of motile cilia. Transl Sci Rare Dis 2019;4:51–75. https://doi.org/10.3233/TRD-190036.
Chen Q, Zheng J, Zeng L, Su L, Lin C, Pan D. Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Gene Variants Associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Iran J Pediatr 2023;33. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijp-132964.
Makary CA, Bonnici M, Jones G, Sullivan P, Stokes C, Ramadan HH. Longterm Follow-up of Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis After Surgical Treatment. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023;132:1400–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/00034894231161417.
Kirichenko IM. [Bioregulatory drugs in the prevention of complications in the early postoperative period in patients after septoplasty and FESS]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2020;85:64–7. https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20208503164.
Çetkin M, Çetkin HE. Adjunctive Treatment of Pediatric Adenoidal Hypertrophy: A Review. Altern Ther Health Med 2023;29:46–53.
Mulinda C, Yang N, Gudis DA. Pediatric Unified Airway: Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Lower-Airway Disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023;56:137–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2022.09.010.
Li C, Peng Hwa T, Schussler E, Pearlman AN. Immunologic Evaluation of Pediatric Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020;34:93–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1945892419875088.
Donaldson AM. Pediatric Sinusitis and Adenoiditis 2020:149–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22891-0_12.
Chegini Z, Noei M, Hemmati J, Arabestani MR, Shariati A. The destruction of mucosal barriers, epithelial remodeling, and impaired mucociliary clearance: possible pathogenic mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Cell Commun Signal CCS 2023;21:306. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01347-2.
Leung AK, Hon KL, Chu WC. Acute bacterial sinusitis in children: an updated review. Drugs Context 2020;9:2020-9–3. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2020-9-3.
Koefoed A, Wagner Mackenzie B, Douglas R, Biswas K. Current evidence of volume 3 | Issue 2 | February 2024
International Journal of Scientific Pediatrics www.ijsp.uz 502 published: 29 February 2024
Koefoed A, Wagner Mackenzie B, Douglas R, Biswas K. Current evidence of biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis- a microbiological perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023;19:911–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2023.2231153.
Wolf JS, Papadimitriou JC, Morales RE, Califano JA, Kline NL, Bhatnagar K, et al. The association of active and passive tobacco smoke exposure with chronic rhinosinusitis symptom severity: A cross-sectional study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022;12:278–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22887.
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
