NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY IN PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN: THE ROLE OF VITAMINS IN CHILD HEALTH
Abstract
Relevance. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in pregnant and breastfeeding women increase the risk of congenital malformations and reduce the quantity and quality of breast milk. This issue requires not only enriching the maternal diet with nutritious foods but also ensuring proper adherence to preventive supplementation. Objective. To study the impact of vitamin and mineral deficiencies during pregnancy and lactation on child health. Materials and Methods. A literature review covering the period from 2013 to 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and e-library databases. The search was performed with the following key terms: “nutrition recommendations during pregnancy and lactation” “role of vitamins and minerals in pregnancy and lactation”. Results. The reviewed literature showed that adequate nutrition for pregnant and breastfeeding women is a global health priority. The data highlighted the significance of dietary vitamin and mineral content, and the serious consequences of deficiencies for both maternal and child health. Conclusion. Continuous intake of vitamin-mineral complexes throughout pregnancy and lactation improves women’s vitamin status, reduces the risk of congenital malformations, increases both the quantity and quality of breast milk, and thereby ensures adequate nutrient supply for the infant.
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