FEATURES OF THE MORPHOSTRUCTURE OF THE WALL OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN CONTROL ANIMALS.

Abstract

The study of histology of the respiratory system is an integral component of medical education and practice, due to a number of important scientific and clinical aspects. Purpose of the study. Study of the features of the morphostructure of the wall of the upper respiratory tract in control rabbits. Materials and methods of research. The object of our study were male rabbits of various ages living in homogeneous vivarium conditions. The studied individuals were clinically healthy, their average weight ranged from 2.3 to 2.8 kg. We used 18 male rabbits to conduct the study. Samples were taken from the nasal wall, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi. The obtained samples were fixed in neutral formalin. After fixing and washing the pieces, they were passed through alcohols of increasing concentration from 〖60〗^0 to 〖100〗^0 and then the object was compacted with paraffin. Then we processed the microslides by staining them with hematoxylin and eosin. Subsequently, using a microtome, histological sections measuring 7-8 microns were obtained. To study the histomorphological structures of the walls of the respiratory tract, we carried out observations under a light microscope brand MT 5300L. The results reveal different histological features in each respiratory organ, such as the diversity of cell types in the nasopharynx, the complex structure of the larynx with three membranes, and the specific features of the tracheal mucosa, which is lined by a single layer of stratified columnar ciliated epithelium. Characteristic features such as a developed sneeze reflex have been noted, which allows the study of allergic reactions of the upper respiratory tract in this animal model, but it should be emphasized the absence of Clara and Langerhans cells in the larynx, and the absence of a cough reflex in rabbits. The study reveals 32 orders of the bronchial tree in rabbits compared with 25 in humans. Conclusions. Thus, the results of our study confirm the complex organization of the histological structure of the respiratory system of rabbits. Each component of this system, from the nasal cavity and nasopharynx to the bronchial tree, has its own unique characteristics. It is important to note the presence of various types of cells in the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and the walls of the nasal cavity, as well as the structural features of the larynx, trachea and bronchi.