The development of overweight and obesity in children assessment of the significance of family-hereditary factors
Abstract
Obesity and overweight among children represent one of the most pressing public health issues today. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of this pathology. Obesity often manifests in combination with serious somatic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, leading to metabolic syndrome disorders in young children. Aim: To assess the incidence of hereditary factors in the development of pediatric obesity and its associated comorbidities. Materials and Methods: The study involved 246 children (90 with normal weight and 156 with overweight and obesity). Family history (1st and 2nd-degree relatives) was analyzed. The statistical significance of differences in qualitative variables between the groups was evaluated using Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Mathematical calculations were performed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 and MS Excel software. Results: Obesity (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.006), arterial hypertension (p = 0.031), and cardiovascular pathology (p = 0.027) were significantly more frequently observed in the families of children in the main group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The presence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension in parents and close relatives serves as a major risk factor for the development of overweight in children.
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