CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM STATUS IN CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE DEPENDING ON OVERWEIGHT

Abstract

Relevance. The problem of obesity in the population of children and adolescents is not only pediatric, but also a cardiological problem, since in children and adolescents with excess body weight, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and early signs of myocardial remodeling are significantly more frequently detected, which contributes to the formation of a high cardiovascular risk at a young age. In particular, in schoolchildren of different ages with metabolic syndrome, the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases is 14 times higher, and diabetes mellitus is 11 times higher compared to their peers without this syndrome. Purpose of the research. To study the features of the course of functional disorders of the cardiovascular system in children with excess body weight, depending on age (7-10 years). Materials and methods of research. The examination was conducted at the city adolescent center. The study involved 50 children with excess body weight and 30 children without excess body weight. The study involved 50 children with excess body weight and 30 children without excess body weight. Research results. In the main BMI group, excess body weight (+2 SD) was detected in 93.3% of boys and 94.2% of girls, and the risk of excess weight (+1 SD) was 6.7% of boys and 5.8% of girls, weight gain was observed, and growth was not observed in the control group. According to the study of parental questionnaires in the main group, it was revealed that heredity is complicated in children with various pathologies, among which cardiovascular system pathologies occurred in 72% (ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, those who had a heart attack at a young age), type 2 diabetes mellitus - in 16.7%, endocrine pathologies - in 42% (hypo- and hyperthyroidism, etc.). Among comorbidities, chronic tonsillitis occurred in 91.0% of children in the main group and 59.9% in the control group, anemia occurred in 78.2% of children in the 1st group and 39.9% in the 2nd group, which showed a significant value (p < 0.001), somatoform. Conclusion. In children with excess body weight, complaints of sleep disturbance, chest pain, shortness of breath during physical exertion, headache, and dizziness are registered significantly more often, which confirms the negative impact of obesity on the functional state of the cardiovascular system. According to ECG data, rhythm and conduction disorders were detected in such children, among which slowed AV conduction, rhythm driver migration, and extrasystole occur significantly more frequently. The nature of hemodynamic reactions to physical exertion in overweight children is determined by the predominance of the hyperdynamic type of blood circulation, while in their peers with normal body weight, the normotonic type is more common. The obtained results indicate that excess body weight in children is a significant factor in the formation of cardiovascular risk already in childhood and requires timely diagnosis, prevention, and correction.