O'TA KAM TANA VAZNI CHAQALOQLARDA KASALLANISH STRUKTURASI
Abstrakt
Ushbu sharh 2022-2023 yillarda 22-32 xaftada juda kam vaznli erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqlarning tug'ilishi tahlili natijalarini taqdim etadi. Aniqlanishicha, 2022-yilda jami tug‘ilganlar sonining 2,8 foizi muddatidan oldin tug‘ilganlar bo‘ladi. Ulardan 0,8% ni tana vazni (500,0-999,0 g) juda kam bo'lgan erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqlar, 2,0% tana vazni (1000,0-1499,0 g) mos ravishda 0,9 ni tashkil qiladi. % va 2023 yilda 1,8%. Erta tug'ilish asosan 29-30 xaftada (44%) sodir bo'ladi. Juda erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqlarda neonatal davrning asosiy kasalliklari: nafas olish buzilishi, intrauterin pnevmoniya, markaziy asab tizimining shikastlanishi, ko'pincha ishemik-gipoksik kelib chiqishi, tug'ma nuqsonlar, patologik omillarning homilaga uzoq muddatli ta'siri natijasida IUGR. Tadqiqot maqsadi: 2022-2023 yillar uchun juda kam tana vazniga ega bo'lgan juda erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqlarda kasallanish darajasi va uning tuzilishini tahlil qilish. Tadqiqot materiallari va usullari. Biz homiladorlik davri 22 dan 36 xaftagacha bo'lgan 382 erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqni tekshirdik, ular 2 guruhni tashkil etdi: 1-chi - vazni 535,0-975,0 g bo'lgan juda kam vaznli 122 yangi tug'ilgan chaqaloq va 2-chi - juda kam vaznli 260 erta tug'ilgan chaqaloq ( VLBW) og'irligi 1011,0-1478,0 g. 1-guruhda o'rtacha homiladorlik muddati (GA) 27,1±1,4 hafta, 2-guruhda - 32,4±1,5 hafta. Ante va intrapartum davrlarning xususiyatlari, klinik kuzatish natijalari va paraklinik tekshiruvlar ma'lumotlari o'rganildi. Natijalar va uning muhokamasi. Tug'ruqxonada juda erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqlarning kasallanish darajasi 2023 yil misolida o'rganildi. Konjenital pnevmoniya nafas olish buzilishining asosiy patologiyasi (42,1%). Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, ELBW bo'lgan bolalar pnevmoniya bilan og'rigan bolalarga (33,9%) qaraganda 1,6 baravar ko'proq (60,4%). Ante va intrapartum davrlar ko'pincha intrauterin gipoksiya va tug'ruq paytida asfiksiya bilan murakkablashadi (28,4%). Gipoksiya tug'ilganda ELBW va VLBW bo'lgan bolalarda bir xil chastotada - 22,8% va 29,5% (p>0,05) uchraydi. Xulosa. Erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqlar kasalliklari tarkibida nafas olish buzilishi ustunlik qiladi - juda erta tug'ilgan chaqaloqlarning 82,4 foizida, o'pka to'qimalarining morfofunksional etukligi va sirt faol moddalar etishmovchiligi natijasida intrauterin infektsiya kasallanish darajasini sezilarli darajada oshiradi (51,2%).
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